AlmaLinux vs Rocky Linux vs Ubuntu Server is the usual shortlist when you set up a new Linux server. All three are free, stable and well supported, but they come from two different families and that affects package tools, control panel support and how long each release is maintained. This guide helps you choose.
Before you start
If you will install a control panel, check its supported operating systems first – that often decides for you.
Two families
- RHEL family – AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux are free rebuilds compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux, created after CentOS Linux moved to CentOS Stream. They use
dnfand RPM packages, SELinux and firewalld. - Debian family – Ubuntu Server (by Canonical) and Debian use
aptand .deb packages, AppArmor and usually UFW.
Comparison
| AlmaLinux | Rocky Linux | Ubuntu Server LTS | Debian | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Backed by | AlmaLinux OS Foundation | Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation | Canonical | Debian community |
| Package manager | dnf | dnf | apt | apt |
| Support per major release | About 10 years | About 10 years | 5 years standard, longer with Ubuntu Pro | About 5 years incl. LTS |
| Mandatory access control | SELinux | SELinux | AppArmor | AppArmor |
| cPanel/WHM | Supported | Supported | Supported on selected LTS versions | No |
| CloudLinux conversion | Yes | Yes | Limited (Ubuntu edition) | No |
| Newest software | Conservative; use AppStream/EPEL | Conservative; use AppStream/EPEL | Newer packages, PPAs | Very conservative |
Check each project's site for exact end-of-life dates for the version you install.
AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux
Both aim to match RHEL bug-for-bug, so software certified for RHEL usually runs on either. Differences are mostly in governance and tooling: AlmaLinux created ELevate for upgrading from CentOS, while Rocky was founded by one of CentOS's original creators. For hosting servers with cPanel and CloudLinux, either is a solid choice.
Ubuntu Server
Ubuntu has the largest community, frequent updated packages, and most tutorials and developer tools target it first. LTS releases come every two years. It is a great default for Node.js, Python, Docker and general app servers.
Debian
Debian prioritises stability and freedom, with small, clean installs. It suits experienced admins who want minimal surprises; see the separate Ubuntu vs Debian guide.
How to choose
- cPanel, CloudLinux, hosting business: AlmaLinux or Rocky Linux.
- Docker, Node.js, Python, latest developer tools: Ubuntu Server LTS.
- Minimal, very stable base: Debian.
- Your team already knows one family: stay with it – familiarity beats small technical differences.
FAQ: AlmaLinux vs Rocky Linux vs Ubuntu
Is AlmaLinux or Rocky Linux better?
For most users they are interchangeable. Pick the one your control panel or software vendor documents best.
Can I switch between AlmaLinux and Rocky?
Yes, both projects provide migration scripts between RHEL-compatible distributions within the same major version.
Is CentOS still an option?
CentOS Linux 7 and 8 have reached end of life. Move to AlmaLinux or Rocky; see the ELevate migration guide.