Step-by-step help for your hosting

• How to fix Cloudflare Error 523: Origin is unreachable

  Cloudflare Error 523 means Cloudflare cannot find a route to your origin server. Usually the DNS record points to a wrong or old IP. Here is how to find and fix it.

  IntermediatecPanel hosting2 min read

• How to fix Cloudflare Error 522: Connection timed out

  Cloudflare Error 522 means your origin server did not answer Cloudflare in time. Learn the causes, from overloaded servers to dropped packets, and how to fix error 522.

  IntermediatecPanel hosting2 min read

• How to fix Cloudflare Error 521: Web server is down

  Cloudflare Error 521 means Cloudflare could not open a connection to your origin server. Find out whether the server is down or blocking Cloudflare, and how to fix it.

  IntermediatecPanel hosting2 min read

• How to fix Cloudflare Error 520: Web server is returning an unknown error

  Cloudflare Error 520 means your origin server sent an empty, invalid or unexpected response. Learn the usual causes on hosting and how to fix error 520 step by step.

  IntermediatecPanel hosting2 min read

• How to fix a 429 Too Many Requests error

  A 429 Too Many Requests error means a rate limit was hit. Learn who applies it (server, firewall, Cloudflare or an API), and how to fix 429 errors as a visitor and as a site owner.

  BeginnercPanel hosting3 min read

• How to fix a 414 Request-URI Too Long error

  A 414 Request-URI Too Long error means the URL is longer than the server accepts. Find out what creates huge URLs, such as redirect loops and long query strings, and how to fix them.

  IntermediatecPanel hosting2 min read

• How to fix a 408 Request Timeout error

  A 408 Request Timeout means the server gave up waiting for your browser to finish sending the request. Learn the causes, from slow connections to large uploads, and the fixes.

  BeginnercPanel hosting2 min read

• How to fix a 405 Method Not Allowed error

  A 405 Method Not Allowed error means the server rejects the HTTP method used, such as POST or PUT. Learn the causes on hosting and how to fix forms, APIs and rewrites.

  IntermediatecPanel hosting2 min read

• How to fix a 401 Unauthorized error

  A 401 Unauthorized error means the page needs valid login details. Find out why it appears, how password-protected directories cause it, and how to fix it.

  BeginnercPanel hosting2 min read

• How to fix a 400 Bad Request error

  A 400 Bad Request error means the server could not understand the request. Learn the common causes, from bad URLs to oversized cookies, and how to fix each one.

  BeginnercPanel hosting3 min read

• Set up a serial console for KVM VMs (virsh console)

  Enable a serial console in Linux KVM guests so you can reach them with virsh console without VNC or network: GRUB and kernel settings, getty, rescuing boot problems and exiting cleanly.

  IntermediateKVM hosts2 min read

• Fix CORS errors: "No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header"

  Understand browser CORS errors when a frontend calls an API on another domain, and fix them correctly in the app, Nginx or Apache, including preflight requests and credentials.

  IntermediateLinux VPS · cPanel hosting3 min read

• Fix Docker "exec format error" (ARM vs x86 images)

  Fix 'exec /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: exec format error' and platform mismatch warnings by building multi-architecture images or pulling the right platform.

  IntermediateLinux VPS3 min read

• Fix PHP session errors: save path, permissions and lost logins

  Fix session_start() errors and users being logged out: session.save_path permissions, full disks, garbage collection, cookie settings, multiple servers and Redis sessions.

  IntermediatecPanel hosting · Linux VPS3 min read

• Fix pip "externally-managed-environment" on Ubuntu and Debian

  Understand why pip refuses to install packages system-wide on Ubuntu 23.04+ and Debian 12, and install Python packages the right way with venv, pipx or apt.

  BeginnerLinux VPS2 min read

• Fix PHP cURL error 28 and other outgoing request errors

  Fix cURL error 28 (operation timed out), error 6 (could not resolve host) and error 7 (failed to connect) when PHP, WordPress or Laravel call external APIs.

  IntermediatecPanel hosting · Linux VPS3 min read

• Fix "target is busy" and "Device or resource busy" on Linux

  Unmount a disk that reports target is busy, find which processes hold files open with lsof and fuser, and handle busy files, swap and LVM devices safely.

  IntermediateLinux VPS3 min read

• Fix "Job for service failed" when a systemd service won't start

  Diagnose systemd services that fail to start: read status and journal output, decode exit codes like 203/EXEC and 217/USER, test configs, and fix restart loops.

  IntermediateLinux VPS3 min read

• Fix common Laravel errors after deployment

  Fix the Laravel errors that appear most after deploying: 500 with no message, 419 Page Expired, No application encryption key, storage permissions, cached config and missing vendor.

  IntermediatecPanel hosting · Linux VPS3 min read

• Let's Encrypt rate limits explained and how to avoid them

  The main Let's Encrypt limits (certificates per domain, duplicates, failed validations, new orders), how to use the staging environment, and strategies for hosting many domains.

  IntermediateLinux servers and hosting3 min read

Browse by topic

• Getting startedYour first hour with a new server: access, logins and basics.83 guides
• cPanelFiles, databases, email, domains and every cPanel tool, step by step.67 guides
• WHM & resellingWHM, packages, reseller accounts, WHMReseller and running a hosting brand.53 guides
• WordPressInstall, secure, speed up, migrate and fix WordPress sites.49 guides
• Email & webmailMailboxes, webmail, forwarders, spam filters and email delivery.67 guides
• DomainsRegistering, transferring and managing domains and nameservers.27 guides
• SSL certificatesFree AutoSSL, Let's Encrypt, paid certificates and HTTPS.41 guides
• CloudLinuxCloudLinux setup and use: LVE limits, CloudLinux Manager, CageFS and PHP/Node.js selectors.31 guides
• LiteSpeedLiteSpeed Web Server, LSCache and the LiteSpeed Cache plugin: install, settings and tuning.35 guides
• Imunify360Malware scanning, firewall and proactive defence with Imunify360.24 guides
• SoftaculousInstall, update, clone and back up apps with Softaculous.24 guides
• WP SquaredcPanel's WordPress platform: sites, plugins, staging and backups.9 guides
• SitePadBuild and publish websites with the SitePad builder.9 guides
• SitejetDesign, edit and publish sites with the Sitejet builder.9 guides
• WHMResellerAlpha and master resellers with WHMReseller: install, setup and use.12 guides
• VirtFusionInstall, set up and manage VirtFusion: hypervisors, packages, servers and WHMCS integration.28 guides
• VirtualizorManage your VPS with Virtualizor: power, OS reinstall, VNC, IPs and backups.44 guides
• PleskWebsites, email, databases and settings in the Plesk panel.53 guides
• DirectAdminUsers, domains, email and reseller tools in DirectAdmin.41 guides
• WHMCSBilling, automation, products and client management with WHMCS.52 guides
• Control panelscPanel & WHM, Plesk, DirectAdmin and other panels on your VPS.107 guides
• SecurityKeys, passwords, firewalls and keeping a server patched.138 guides
• Networking & DNSIP addresses, reverse DNS, ports and traffic.72 guides
• Websites & appsWeb servers, WordPress, PHP, Node.js, SSL and app hosting.83 guides
• DatabasesMySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, Redis and MongoDB on a VPS.80 guides
• Billing & accountInvoices, renewals, the client area and your account.9 guides
• TroubleshootingWhen something is not working: checks and fixes.127 guides
• Linux VPSSSH, packages, services and everyday Linux administration.265 guides
• Windows VPS & RDPRemote Desktop, Windows Server settings and Admin RDP tips.73 guides
• Docker & DevOpsContainers, Git deploys, automation, monitoring and backups.82 guides